All this just to maintain our blood volume! Wow!

Zona inserta- an area in the midbrain that may participate in the initiation of drinking behavior.

Amylin --> area postrema --> NTS--> Hypothalamus

insulin --> puts sugar into cells
glucogen (not to be confused with glycogen) --> release glucose for the liver

Hypothalamus- appetite center was thought to be here. Leision Ventromedial Hypothalamus in a rat resulted into a fat rat (hyperphagia).

*inject neuropeptide Y (NPY) = hog wild (time independent)

*AGRP- agouti related protein -> eat * δ= MSH decrease in appetite

*CART (cocaine amphetamine related trascript peptide) decreases appetite

MC4

Fat->hormone (leptin)->brain

Leptin is a reinforcing hormone that causes us to eat.

If Insuline doesn't work
A) Insulin resistance (glucose doesn't go into cells)
B) Insulin replacement B-cells burnout (high glucose in blood stream. Therein sugar binds to protein.
C) Death

DNA---->RNA---->Protein---//-diabetes----->no environment



Type I diabetes in kids, Type II diabetes in adults.

Self-Image of Anorexic patients
1)most things have been tried by themselves
2)multiple known pathways to stimulate appetite
3)identify cortical problem in mPFC-self (reward pathway converge here)